The Episcopal Church, in harmony with ancient tradition, considers the ministers of the Church to be lay persons and clergy (clergy can be bishops, priests or deacons). Given this, it is only fitting, where governance is concerned, that lay members and members of the clergy share in decision-making.

The Episcopal Church is governed by a bicameral General Convention, which typically meets every three years, and by Executive Council during interim years. The General Convention consists of the House of Bishops and the House of Deputies, which meet and act separately but must concur to adopt legislation. The General Convention is the governing body of The Episcopal Church and has the authority to amend the Constitution and Canons of The Episcopal Church; adopt a triennial budget; authorize liturgical texts and amend the Book of Common Prayer; adopt communions and covenants with other churches; set qualifications for orders of ministry and officeholders; elect officers of the General Convention, the Executive Council, and members of boards; and delegate responsibilities to the interim bodies of The Episcopal Church.

The central element of organization in the Episcopal Church is the diocese, and each diocese is made up of several congregations. (A diocese is a geographical grouping of congregations.) Congregations, which make up a diocese, are led by Vestries. The Vestry conducts the business of the congregation and sets the course for mission. The members of the Vestry are elected at an Annual Meeting. These are typically held in late January. Adult, confirmed communicants in good standing who are enrolled on the books of the congregation are allowed to vote.